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Etymology

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The term spirit means "animating or vital principle in man and animals".web It is derived from the Old French espirit , which comes from the Latin word spiritus (soul, courage, vigor, breath) and is related to spirare (to breathe). In the Vulgate the Latin word spiritus is used to translate the Greek pneuma and Hebrew ruach .web The term "spiritual", matters "concerning the spirit", is derived from Old French spirituel (12c.), which is derived from Latin spiritualis , which comes from spiritus or "spirit".web The term "spirituality" is derived from Middle French spiritualité , from Late Latin "spiritualitatem" (nominative spiritualitas), which is also derived from Latin spiritualis .web
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Spirituality

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Antiquity Medieval Early modern Modern Iran India East-Asia The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various connotations can be found alongside each other.note Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man",note oriented at "the image of God" as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world. The term was used within early Christianity to refer to a life oriented toward the Holy Spirit and broadened during the Late Middle Ages to include mental aspects of life. In modern times, the term both spread to other religious traditions and broadened to refer to a wider range of experience, including a range of esoteric traditions and religious traditions. Modern usages tend to refer to a subjective experience of a sacred dimension and the "deepest values and meanings by which people live", often in a context separate fr...
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Development of the meaning of spirituality

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Classical, medieval and early modern periods edit Bergomi detects "an enlightened form of non-religious spirituality" in Late Antiquity. Words translatable as "spirituality" first began to arise in the 5th century and only entered common use toward the end of the Middle Ages. need quotation to verify In a Biblical context the term means being animated by God. The New Testament offers the concept of being driven by the Holy Spirit, as opposed to living a life in which one rejects this influence. In the 11th century this meaning changed. "Spirituality" began to denote the mental aspect of life, as opposed to the material and sensual aspects of life, "the ecclesiastical sphere of light against the dark world of matter".note In the 13th century "spirituality" acquired a social and psychological meaning. Socially it denoted the territory of the clergy: "The ecclesiastical against the temporary possessions, the ecclesiastical against t...
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